Iconography and Iconology of Traditional Aceh Architecture(Heuristic Review of Rumoh Aceh in Mureu Baro and Mureu Bueng U Villages, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar Regency)

Abstract

Rumoh Aceh is a manifestation of the culture and customs of the Acehnese people which has an important role in the context of the realization of local identity, wisdom and historical evidence so that it needs to be preserved as a form of responsibility. This study will review Rumoh Aceh from the perspective of iconography and Panofsky iconology with a theoretical and art history approach (heuristic study) which then becomes the basis of methodology in this study. This approach is synonymous with qualitative studies so an emphasis on descriptive aspects is unavoidable. This study aims to examine the textual form of the Rumoh Aceh, as manifested in its factual and expressive visual aspects and the underlying themes and conceptual frameworks, also the symbolic values it conveys. This study is expected to be able to contribute in the form of an explanation of the historical dynamics of Rumoh Aceh in the context of meaning (implied and explicit) which can then provide new scientific treasures for the development of multidisciplinary science in Aceh, especially art and architecture. The results of the study indicate the existence of factual visual markers of Rumoh Aceh which can be seen from the unique, attractive, and sturdy form of the traditional building with all its limitations (expression). The style can be categorized as a realistic objective determination influenced by the dominant religious system. Secondly, the theme and concept of Rumoh Aceh currently lead to a religious system related to the meaning of true freedom (Islam) which is also an allegory of salvation, peace, and purity. Thirdly, it is about the symbolic values ​​in Rumoh Aceh related to the outlook on life and the religious system (teaching goodness) as a form of cultural dynamics.